Dialog project 2

ILS604-70 Advanced Reference

Pamela R. Dennis

April 7, 2003

Unit VIII, Assignment 3 Dialog

I have included below my strategies in finding which database to search through DialogWeb, using special features found in the bluesheets on each to limit the search, displaying the search sets in DialogClassic, employing Boolean operators as well as truncation and proximity limiters, narrowing the search to between the years 1998 and 2003, and providing the relevant articles with abstracts.

Locate articles in the food sciences that discuss the labeling concerns of genetically altered foods.

I used the database selection tool in DialogWeb to locate a database for food sciences. Under the heading, Science & Technology, I chose Research and Development, then Biosciences & Biotechnology, then Food Science. I then chose to do a targeted search under Food Sciences. The resulting database was Foodline®: Food Science and Technology (File 53). I then used the following search strategy, limited by the years 1998 to Present

label? and food and genetic?

There were several articles related as follows:

3/9/1 (Item 1 from file: 51)
00870561 2003-Ba0080 Subfile: FSTA
Evaluating the behavioural impact of the Australian and New Zealand genetically modified food labelling provisions.

Macpherson, T.; Kearns, Z.; Hedderley, D.; Sharland, S.
Dep. of Marketing, Massey Univ., Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. E-mail t.a.macpherson(a)massey.ac.nz
Journal of Food Products Marketing 2001 , 7 (4) 77-90
Note: 16 ref.
Document Type: Journal Article ISSN: 1045-4446
Language: English
A total of 417 face-to-face mall-intercept interviews was conducted, with a random sample of food shoppers, to evaluate a recently introduced mandatory labelling scheme for GM foods in Australia and New Zealand and its potential impact upon purchase behaviour of consumers. GM-free labelled foods achieved the highest levels of relative demand across all price points tested; it is suggested, therefore, that since a substantial premium charge should be possible for suppliers of such products, they should label their products as quickly as possible. 'Contains GM ingredients' and 'GM' labelled products achieved the lowest levels of relative demand across all labelling options and price points. Thus, it is thought that such suppliers will experience difficulties, particularly if GM-free alternatives are available. GM foods which could claim a consumer benefit achieved greater demand than products merely labelled as GM, although gains in acceptance were insufficient to elevate demand to that of GM-free labelled products. Consumer biotechnology knowledge effects were significantly lower than those of labelling or price.
Descriptors (Headings): CONSUMER RESPONSE; GENETICS; LABELLING; MARKETING; NOVEL FOODS
Descriptors: AUSTRALIA; CONSUMER ATTITUDES; GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS; MARKET RESEARCH; NEW ZEALAND
Section Headings: Biotechnology (SC=b, 6/90 - present)

3/9/3 (Item 3 from file: 51)
00830196 2001-Bu1138 Subfile: FSTA
New standard for labelling of genetically modified food.

Middleton, G.
Mallesons Stephen Jaques, Brisbane, Qld., Australia. E-mail gaye.middleton(a)msj.com.au
Australasian Biotechnology 2001 , 11 (2) 17-18
Document Type: Journal Article ISSN: 1036-7128
Language: English
In Dec. 2000, a new joint standard for the mandatory labelling of GM foods was announced in Australia and New Zealand. This standard, Standard 1.5.2 - Food Produced Using Gene Technology ('Standard'), replaces Standard A18 of the same title and will be effective from Dec. 2001. Division 1 of the Standard deals with health and safety requirements of GM foods, while Division 2 deals with labelling and information requirements. This article discusses the details and implications of the new standard. Aspects considered include: sale and use of foods produced using gene technology; labelling of foods produced using gene technology; exemptions; and public response.
Descriptors (Headings): GENETICS; LABELLING; NOVEL FOODS; STANDARDS
Descriptors: AUSTRALIA; GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS; NEW ZEALAND
Section Headings: Biotechnology (SC=b, 6/90 - present)

3/9/4 (Item 4 from file: 53)
00860513 Foodline Accession Number: 539579
Special issues in food labelling: genetically modified foods and ingredients.

Sadler M J
Food labelling. 221-225 (8 ref.)
Blanchfield J R
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing Ltd. , Cambridge
2000
ISBN Number: 1-85573-496-6
Classification: 613.2:381.822
Language: English
Document Type: Book; Book chapter
Foodline Update Code: 20001206
Abstract: The labelling of genetically modified foods in the EU is reviewed. The genetically modified foods which are used in the UK (tomato puree, soya and maize), and development of the EU legislation to label these materials (Regulation 1139/98, 258/97, 1813/97), is described. Other aspects discussed include the principle of substantial equivalence, the grounds on which a product must be labelled, additional voluntary labelling in the UK, presentation of label information, threshold levels, segregation from conventional crops, the move by retailers to eliminate GM ingredients, labelling by caterers, and negative claims.
Section Heading: LEGISLATION
Descriptors: BASIC GUIDE; EU; GM FOODS; GM INGREDIENTS; INGREDIENTS; LABELLING; LEGISLATION

3/9/5 (Item 5 from file: 53)
00838916 Foodline Accession Number: 520841
Labelling of genetically modified food.

Bainbridge J; Ellahi B; Smith G; Whisson J
Genetically modified foods: a practical guide for business. 66-72 (0 ref.)
Bainbridge J; Ellahi B; Smith G; Whisson J
Publisher: Chandos Publishing Ltd , Oxford
2000
ISBN Number: 1-902375-23-8
Classification: 641.1:575
Language: English
Document Type: Book; Book chapter
Foodline Update Code: 20000523
Abstract: The labelling of genetically modified foods is discussed. Regulations entitled the Food Labelling (Amendment) Regulations 1999 need to be consulted in conjunction with the relevant European regulations. This chapter examines when labelling regulations apply and examines actions needed by food producers and manufacturers. Additional labelling required for foods containing genetically modified ingredients and regulations for the labelling of compound ingredients are examined. It should be remembered that labelling regulations also apply to restaurants and other catering establishments. The display of information on labels and menus, etc. are discussed, as are claims that products are free from genetic modification.
Section Heading: LEGISLATION
Descriptors: BIOTECHNOLOGY; CATERING INDUSTRY; FOOD INDUSTRY; GENETIC MODIFICATION; GM FOODS; GMO; LABELLING; LEGISLATION; MENUS; REGULATIONS; STANDARDS; UK

3/9/6 (Item 6 from file: 53)
00837918 Foodline Accession Number: 519616
Detection and labelling of food produced by means of genetic engineering.

Greiner R; Jany K -D
Innovations in Food Technology (February), (6), Supplement 'Germany', x-xii (0 ref.)
2000
Language: English
Document Type: Journal article
Foodline Update Code: 20000511
Abstract: The number of genetically modified products has grown continuously since the first approval of the Flavr Savr tomato in 1994, and now includes cotton, chicory, potatoes, pumpkins, maize, papaya, rapeseed, soyabean, tobacco, tomatoes and a wide range of processing aids, e.g. enzymes. This paper summarizes the requirements of EU Regulation 258/97, the Novel Food Regulation, which requires that foodstuffs be labelled if they contain or are living GMOs, may cause allergies, may lead to ethical considerations, or are not equivalent to comparable traditional products in terms of composition, nutritional value, effect, or intended use. The available methods for detection of food produced by means of genetic engineering are described, with the emphasis on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the most reliable method for discriminating between GMO and wild type.
Section Heading: PROCESSING
Descriptors: BIOTECHOLOGICAL FOODS; DETECTION; GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOODS; LABELLING; NOVEL FOODS; PCR

3/9/7 (Item 7 from file: 51)
00857517 2000-Ba1678 Subfile: FSTA
Special labeling requirements for genetically engineered food: how sound are the analytical frameworks used by FDA and food producers?

Winn, L. B.
McDermott, Will & Emery, Boston, MA, USA
Food and Drug Law Journal 1999 , 54 (4) 667-688
Document Type: Journal Article ISSN: 1064-590X
Language: English
Regulations in the USA governing labelling of genetically engineered foods are discussed, in sections which cover: fundamentals of genetic engineering; common genetically engineered foods; an exploration of FDA's analysis; applying the misbranded provision of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) to biotech food (misleading labels, the common or usual name for a food); adding the 'power of information' to FDA's analysis; adding international issues to FDA's analysis; an exploration of biotech food producers' analysis; the relationship between labelling requirements and consumer concerns; selection of biotech foods which should bear a label; and costs associated with biotech food labelling.
Descriptors (Headings): CONSUMER RESPONSE; GENETICS; LABELLING; NOVEL FOODS
Descriptors: CONSUMER CONCERNS; GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOODS; REGULATIONS; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Section Headings: Biotechnology (SC=b, 6/90 - present)

3/9/8 (Item 8 from file: 53)
00828324 Foodline Accession Number: 509300
Labelling of food containing genetically modified soya and maize.

Anon
Ice Cream (September), 50 (10), 384-385 (0 ref.)
1999
ISBN Number: 1356-0948
Language: English
Document Type: Journal article
Foodline Update Code: 19991203
Abstract: The Novel Foods Regulation, which came into effect on 15 May 1997, harmonizes EU Member States' national controls on the marketing of novel foods and novel food ingredients within the European Community. In the UK, it replaced the voluntary scheme that had been in operation for more the 10 years. The scope of the Regulations is discussed and foods and ingredients to be covered are listed. These include those containing or consisting of genetically modified (GM) organisms. Because GM products already on the market were not covered by this Regulation, a further Regulation was issued in May 1998 concerning the compulsory labelling of certain foodstuffs produced by GM organisms not previously covered. The requirements of the Food Labelling (Amendment) Regulations, which came into force in March 1999, are described. These require that labelling indicates when GM ingredients are present, but there is no need to state that a product does not contain GM ingredients. Labelling is also required for final products containing compound ingredients derived from GM maize or soya where novel DNA or protein is present.
Section Heading: LEGISLATION
Descriptors: EUROPE; GENETIC MODIFICATION; GENETICALLY MODIFIED CORN; GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS; GENETICALLY MODIFIED SOYA; INGREDIENTS; LABELLING; LEGISLATION

3/9/9 (Item 9 from file: 51)
00797858 2000-04-j0689 Subfile: FSTA
Guidance notes: labelling of food containing genetically modified soya or maize.

United Kingdom,--Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; --United Kingdom,--Department of Health
1999 , 12 pp.
Publisher: For further information contact: Additives & Novel Foods Div., Branch C, Joint Food Safety & Standards Group, Min. of Agric., Fisheries & Food, Room 239c, Ergon House, c/o Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, London SW1P 3JR, UK. Tel. 0171 238 6224/5436/6687. Fax 0171 238 6382. E-mail a.acnfp(a)jfssg.maff.gov.uk
Document Type: Book
Language: English
This booklet provides guidelines on Council Regulation (EC) No. 1139/98 and its associated UK regulation SI No. 1999/747 which relate to labelling of foods containing genetically modified (GM) soybeans or maize (corn). The booklet includes the following sections: purpose of the Regulation; scope of the EC Regulation; national regulations, including those for Northern Ireland; labelling requirements (form of the label, products that do not require labelling, food produced using ingredients which were on sale before 1 September 1998, labelling of modified starch); flexible labelling arrangements for loose foods and food prepackaged for direct sale (lead-in time for compliance, types of businesses affected, options and examples for labelling on menus etc., staff training, telephone orders, hospitals, prisons, school canteens etc., responsibility for labelling of genetically modified soybeans and maize in the case of wedding receptions, conferences etc., ingredients sold to caterers); enforcement issues (thresholds, detection methods, level of enforcement); due diligence provisions; and segregation and non-GM soybean lists.
Descriptors (Headings): CORN; GENETICS; NOVEL FOODS; SOYBEANS; WATER
Descriptors: GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS; GUIDELINES; REGULATIONS
Section Headings: Fruits, vegetables & nuts (SC=j)

3/9/11 (Item 11 from file: 51)
00763590 1998-08-b1027 Subfile: FSTA
Labelling of food products derived from genetically engineered crops. A survey on detection methods.

Hemmer, W.; Pauli, U.
Div. of Food Sci., Swiss Fed. Office of Public Health, CH 3003 Berne, Switzerland. Tel. +44-31-3226989. Fax 3229574. E-mail Wolfram.hemmer(a)bag.admin.ch
European Food Law Review 1998 , 9 (1) 27-38
Note: 40 ref.
Document Type: Journal Article
Language: English Summary Language: French
This paper provides a survey of approved genetically modified food crops, together with an evaluation of methods for detecting crops derived from genetically modified organisms (GMO) and the use of suitable methods (particularly PCR) for controlling adherence to the Swiss labelling requirements for GMO-derived foods. Aspects considered include: GMO-derived crops approved for use in selected countries; nucleotide-based detection using PCR; protein-based detection (e.g. comparison of protein patterns by gel electrophoresis, immunological detection of proteins); advantages of PCR for detection of transgenic plants; and initial experience gained regarding GMO product detection in relation to Swiss food labelling regulations.
Descriptors (Headings): ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; GENETIC TECHNIQUES; GENETICS; NOVEL FOODS; PLANTS
Descriptors: PCR; SWITZERLAND; TRANSGENIC PLANTS
Section Headings: Biotechnology (SC=b, 6/90 - present)

12.

3/9/12 (Item 12 from file: 53)
00675608 Foodline Accession Number: 467201
Labelling of food products derived from genetically engineered crops.

Hemmer W; Pauli U
European Food Law Review (March 18), 8 (1), 27-38 (37 ref.)
1998
ISBN Number: 0943-3406
Language: English
Summary Language: French
Document Type: Journal article
Foodline Update Code: 19980521
Abstract: Some genetically modified crops or processed products have been approved for food use in a number of countries. This article considers genetically modified food crops and methods for detecting foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Nucleotide-based detection by PCR, and protein-based detection are outlined. The detection of the following genetically modified crops approved for food use is outlined: cotton; chicory; corn; potato; papaya; rapeseed; soya bean; squash; and tomato. Experience in controlling adherence to the Swiss labelling requirements for genetically engineered foods is also described with reference to detection methods. The authors conclude that the Swiss experience demonstrates the validity of the PCR-based detection method for manufacturers who need to check the origin of the ingredients used and for food authorities checking compliance with national regulations.
Section Heading: PROCESSING
Descriptors: BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS; DETECTION; EU; GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOODS; GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS; LABELLING; LEGISLATION; NOVEL FOODS; NOVEL PRODUCTS; NUCLEOTIDES; PCR; PROTEINS; SWITZERLAND

I then did used the information found in the database selection tool and did my search using DialogClassic. Using File 53:FOODLINE(R): Food Science & Technology 1972-2003/Apr 07 (c) 2003 LFRA, I ran the following search strategy using proximity limits and the Boolean operator, and:

SELECT S1 AND GENETICALLY(N)ALTERED(N)FOOD

            5984  S1

            2840  GENETICALLY

            1456  ALTERED

          108030  FOOD

               2  GENETICALLY(N)ALTERED(N)FOOD

      S2       1  S1 AND GENETICALLY(N)ALTERED(N)FOOD

This search limited the results to one item as follows:

2/9/1

DIALOG(R)File  53:FOODLINE(R): Food Science & Technology

(c) 2003 LFRA. All rts. reserv.

00703740   FOODLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 415202

Genetic engineering and food product-legal principles and possibilities for control.

Waiblinger H U; Pietsch K

Lebensmittelchemie 50 (4), 81-82 (8 ref.)

ISSN NO: 0937-1478

LANGUAGE: German

DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal article

FOODLINE UPDATE CODE: 19960815

ABSTRACT: Genetic engineering plays an important role in the production of food products. It is used to produce enzymes and other additives, but also for cultivating crops. Consumers should be able to recognise     genetically engineered products through clear labelling. Genetically     altered food is bound by the EU directive on novel foods. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to determine genetically     altered ingredients in food products. PCR helps to multiply the foreign

DNA, which is then determined with electrophoresis. The method is also     suitable for processed foods with small quantities of genetically     altered ingredients, but not for sugar from genetically altered sugar     beets, or for oils from herbicide-resistant soya plants.

SECTION HEADING: PROCESSING

DESCRIPTORS: CHEMICAL LABELLING;  DETERMINATION;  ELECTROPHORESIS;  GENETIC

    ENGINEERING;  GENETICALLY ALTERED FOOD;  LABELLING;  LEGISLATION;  PCR

What are some of students frustrations with web based or distance education programs?

I used the database selection tool in DialogWeb to locate a database for educational programs. Under the heading, Social Science and Humanities, I chose Social Sciences, then Education Abstracts. The resulting database was Education Abstracts (File 437). The search strategy was as follows, limited to the years 1998 to 2003

frustration? and (web based or distance educat?)

I retrieved the following article which states that frustrations include technical problems and information overload. There could also be problems with regard to computers and language

2/9/1
0753249 H.W. Wilson Record Number: BEDI01018664
Language learning on the World Wide Web: an investigation of EFL learners' attitudes and perceptions
Yang, Shu Ching
Journal of Educational Computing Research ( J Educ Comput Res ) v. 24 no2 (2001) p. 155-81
Document Type: Feature Article ISSN: 0735-6331
Language: English
Record Status: Corrected or revised record

Abstract: This article describes the integration of Web resources as instructional and learning tools in an EFL class. The study examines learners' subjective responses to the use of the World Wide Web within the context of a research project on American states. Data was collected using observations and surveys including demographic information and student perceptions via subjective-quantitative and qualitative questionnaire items. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics on the quantitative items and a multi-stage synthesis of the qualitative data including categorical and thematic analysis. With respect to categorical analysis, the excerpts of students' responses were categorized using two codes based on whether they related more to the challenges or advantages of using the Web and then under each category they were further subdivided, resulting in twenty subcategories in total. A number of themes were drawn from this data. Learners found the experience generally positive. Negative responses were found to relate to technical problems and information overload. The project stimulated incidental learning. However, information seeking on the Net simultaneously engendered both anxiety and excitement in learners. From this study, it could be concluded that computer-learning networks have the potential to empower students in well-designed language learning environments. The Web - based language project provided an opportunity to enhance students' reading and writing proficiency and to harness their skills in information searching and problem-solving to varying degrees. However, some frustration with the challenges and difficulties in relation to computers and language were found. A computer-mediated learning experience in Language Studies could not be achieved by itself simply by the introduction of the learner to the Web technology. Providing scaffolding, both in using Internet applications and in orienting the learners to the task, is vital to the successful implementation and integration of technology into the curriculum. Implications of using the Web in language classrooms is discussed and some suggestions for the direction of future work is outlined. Copyright 2001, Baywood Publishing Company, Inc.
Descriptors:
English as a second language; English language--Computer aids; Internet-- Educational use; Attitudes--Community college students

I then used DialogClassic, using File 437:Education Abstracts 1983-2003/Feb (c) 2003 The HW Wilson Co, and ran the following search strategy, using proximity limits, truncation, and Boolean operators, or and and -

Set     Items   Description

S1        877   WEB(N)BASE? OR DISTANCE(N)EDUCATION(N)PROGRAM

S2         72   STUDENT AND FRUSTRATION

S3          1   S1 AND S2

S4          1   S3/ABS

In addition to proximity limiters, I used the abbreviation abs to limit the search to abstracts only as requested in the assignment. The result was one return the very same article as found through DialogWeb.

3. What are some of the issues facing Kraft Foods Inc. and its taco shells product?

I used the database selection tool in DialogWeb to locate a database for companies. Under the heading, Business, I chose Industries and Markets, then Market Information, then Market Research Information. I then chose to search by a single database - Business and Information (File 9). I ran the following search strategy limiting the search to the years 1998 to 2003

Kraft and taco(N)shell

I found the following result, indicating that issues are related to genetically engineered crops that are not FDA approved for human consumption -

11/9/9
02938692 (THIS IS THE FULLTEXT)
Taco Bell orders chainwide replacement of corn shells after Kraft recall in biotech flap ( Taco Bell has told all 7,000 outlets to replace their stocks of taco shells following recall by Kraft of all its Taco Bell-brand shells from supermarkets )

Nation's Restaurant News , v 34 , n 40 , p 5
October 02, 2000
Document Type: Journal ISSN: 0028-0518 ( United States )
Language: English Record Type: Fulltext
Word Count: 501

TEXT:

IRVINE, CALIF -- Taco Bell Corp. ordered its 7,000 restaurants to exhaust their stocks of taco shells and replace them with ones made from different corn after  Kraft  Foods Inc. recalled all its Taco Bell-brand shells from supermarkets in the first-ever such action over suspected biotech adulteration.

In voluntarily ordering the recall,  Kraft  cited "expert independent" lab tests indicating the shells contain bioengineered corn not approved for human consumption.

Taco Bell senior  vice president Jonathan Blum said his chain's

substitution decision was prompted both by the  Kraft  recall and Taco

Bell's use of suppliers who obtained their corn flour from the same Texas miller that was the flour source for  Kraft 's licensed Taco Bell Home Originals grocery  products.

Blum said Taco Bell expected all the chain's taco shells to be replaced

within one week, by Sept. 29, by shells made from corn milled in Indiana and California. He said the Irvine-based division of Tricon Global Restaurants had begun its own testing of the suspect product but not its corn-based nacho chips or soft corn tortillas. "We've been focused on the taco shells," he said.

Although Blum acknowledged that   Kraft 's  taco   shell  manufacturer,

PepsiCo Inc.-owned Sabritas Mexicali of Mexicali, Mexico, obtained its

flour from the same Azteca Milling L.P. of Plainview, Texas, that supplied Taco Bell's shell makers, he said: "There would be no reason to pull anything from our restaurants. ( Kraft 's) recipe is very different from ours."

The controversy began when a coalition of biotech critics, Genetically

Engineered Food Alert, said an Iowa lab it retained, Genetic Id, had tested the  Kraft -distributed products and found traces of the StarLink corn strain created by Aventis Corp. and used since 1998 as animal feed. GEFA said it intended to test the restaurant chain's taco shells and Urged an immediate recall of the grocery products by the Food and Drug Administration.

A coalition of U.S. Congressmen that advocates labeling of biotech foods also asked the FDA to recall the products.

StarLink reportedly is the only biotech crop not yet approved for food

because it contains a pest-repelling protein, Cry9C, that may be difficult for humans to digest.

The FDA, whose own lab reportedly can test the DNA of  crops but was not yet set up to test genetic markers in processed foods, said it was

investigating what would be the "unlawful" presence of StarLink corn in the  Kraft  product.

Kraft , a unit of Philip Morris  Co., initially said its shells were

believed to contain standard corn varieties from farmers in six states.

Upon ordering the recall,  Kraft  issued a statement saying, "There appears to be no evidence of adverse health effects." Taco Bell, too, said it was "unaware of any known health risks associated with this corn variety. Nor have we received a single complaint."

However,  Kraft  urged regulators to discontinue "partial approvals" of

biotech advances and not allow crops for animal use to enter the market

unless they also have been approved for food.  Kraft  also said fully

validated testing procedures should be in place for identifying relevant DNA in crops and finished products.

Copyright 2000 Lebhar-Friedman Inc.

Company Names: KRAFT FOODS INC (PHILIP MORRIS COMPANIES INC); TACO BELL CORP (TRICON GLOBAL RESTAURANTS INC
Industry Names: Fast foods; Food
Product Names: Dry mix food preparations except pasta and soup (209960); Restaurants, fast-food and carry out (581229)
Concept Terms: All market information; All product and service information; Number outlets ; Product recalls
Geographic Names: North America (NOAX); United States (USA)

I then used the database selection tool to run the search in DialogClassic using File 9:Business & Industry(R) Jul/1994-2003/Apr 07 (c) 2003 Resp. DB Svcs. The search strategy was as follows, using proximity limits, truncation, and the Boolean operator and. I also used the abbreviation /co to search specifically for a company, and limited the search to abstracts only by using the abbreviation ab -

Set     Items   Description

S1          0   KRAFT(W)FOODS(W)INC./CO

S2       2182   KRAFT(W)FOOD?/CO

S3        181   TACO(N)SHELL?

S4          0   S1 AND S2/AB

S5          0   S1 AND S2

S6 10 S2 AND S3/AB

The results were basically the same as those found with DialogWeb, and some were full-text and had no abstracts. This article was the most informative

02938791

Aventis Gives Up License To Sell Bioengineered Corn

(Aventis voluntarily canceled its marketing license for its StarLink

genetically engineered corn, which has been linked to the nationwide

recalls of the Safeway and Taco Bell brand taco shells)

New York Times , v CL, n 51,540, p C5

October 13, 2000

DOCUMENT TYPE: National Newspaper  ISSN: 0362-4331  (United States)

LANGUAGE: English  RECORD TYPE: Abstract

ABSTRACT:

Aventis SA has voluntarily canceled its marketing license for its StarLink genetically engineered corn. The corn has been linked to the nationwide recalls of two taco shell brands. The decision by the company was made at the urging of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The corn was approved for use as animal feed in 1998 but not for human consumption due to fears that it would cause allergic reactions.  Now, StarLink cannot be planted for any agricultural purpose. A day earlier, Safeway Inc announced plans to remove its house brand taco shells from its shelves after the StarLink corn was found in samples purchased in the Washington area. The recall will affect 1,200 stores.  The company also decided to stop selling Mission Foods (Irving, TX) taco shells, as that company produces the Safeway brand shells. Kraft  Foods voluntarily recalled its Taco Bell taco shells in late 9/00 for the same problem. According to a Mission Foods spokesman, the flour  for the Safeway shells came from an Azteca Milling mill in Plainview, TX, which also provided the flour for the Kraft Taco Bell shells. According to EPA deputy assistant administrator Stephen Johnson, Aventis was responsible for making sure that the StarLink corn did

not enter the human food supply. The article discusses the situation in

additional detail.

COMPANY NAMES:  AVENTIS SA; AZTECA MILLING; KRAFT FOODS INC  (PHILIP MORRIS COMPANIES INC); MISSION FOODS; SAFEWAY INC

INDUSTRY NAMES:  Agriculture; Baked goods; Food

PRODUCT NAMES:  Corn farms, except sweet corn or popcorn  (011500); Corn flour, cornmeal and corn grits  (204157); Rolls and buns, bread-type -  except frozen  (205121)

CONCEPT TERMS:  All intellectual property; All market information; All   product and service information; Number outlets; Patent license; product   recalls

BRAND NAMES:  StarLink

GEOGRAPHIC NAMES:  North America  (NOAX); United States  (USA)

4. What is the latest information on ENRON?

I used the database selection tool in DialogWeb to locate a database for a specific company. Knowing that I needed the latest information, I chose News, then Todays News, then Newswires Worldwide and limited the search to 2003 only. I searched for Enron as the Main Subject and in the entire text and received the following, dated the same day as my search

2/9/9 (Item 9 from file: 258)
02266655 (THIS IS THE FULLTEXT)
Utility Co. May Be Liable for Enron Taxes

Associated Press
Monday , April 7, 2003 04:37 EST
Journal Code: AP Language: ENGLISH Record Type: FULLTEXT Document Type: NEWSWIRE
Word Count: 303

Text:

 PORTLAND, Ore. (AP)

 -  Portland General Electric may have to pay

part of an $111 million tax bill facing parent company Enron as a

result of Enron's bankruptcy, PGE officials say.

   The Internal Revenue Service filed various tax claims in the

Enron bankruptcy on March 28, according to documents PGE submitted

Thursday with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

   The Form 10-K filing with the SEC states that PGE, along with

other members of Enron's consolidated tax group of companies that

are not in bankruptcy, are liable for some penalties and interest

associated with the taxes still due.

   The IRS also could go after PGE for any portion of the claim

that is allowed in the bankruptcy but can't be collected from

debtors.

   PGE officials were unavailable Saturday to comment on the filing

or on the utility's potential tax liability.

   The IRS filing indicated the agency likely would apply $63

million in refunds due Enron against the claims, potentially

reducing the tax bill to $48 million.

   Details of the IRS claims have not been made public, and PGE did

not include a breakdown of amounts attributable to taxes, interest

and penalties.

   ``Enron management has informed PGE that Enron is negotiating

with the IRS in an attempt to resolve issues raised by the IRS

claims," PGE said on its SEC form.

   In PGE's annual report, filed with the SEC in mid-March, the

utility's management said it believed PGE's exposure to potential

tax liabilities ``would not be material."

   Enron reportedly paid little, if any, taxes in the last five

years. It declared bankruptcy in December 2001, the largest company

to fail in U.S. history, at the time. Enron purchased PGE in 1997.

   An IRS audit, which served as the basis for the tax claims,

likely would explain Enron's tax situation in more detail if it is

made public.

Company Names: UTILITY CORP; ENRON CORP; INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE; GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES; SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Product Names: BUSINESS FAILURES; CORPORATE; ECONOMIC INDICATORS; GOVERNMENT; MONETARY POLICY ; TAXATION
Event Names: BUSINESS FAILURES; CORPORATE FINANCIAL DATA; REGULATION

I then used the Dialog selection tool to search DialogClassic using File 258:AP News Jul 2000-2003/Apr 08 (c) 2003 Associated Press, noting that *File 258: File 258 now contains data from January 2000 forward and Archive data (July 1984-December 1999) is available in File 858. I searched by company for Enron and found 6 hits, all of which were dated in 2001. Though I found 234,652 articles dated in 2003, none included information on Enron. Therefore, I was much more successful in searching for this question through DialogWeb than with DialogClassic.

Set     Items   Description

S1          6   CO=ENRON

S2     234652   PY=2003

S3          0   S1 AND S2

No entries in 2003